Allyl hexanoate (allyl caproate, 2-propenyl hexanoate) is a colourless to pale yellow liquid flavour with a strong pineapple aroma. It is used not only for food applications (spices, tobacco flavours, pineapple and other fruit flavours), but it is also an ingredient of some lipstick perfumes and it can be used to add that juicy note to citrus flavours.
The most common production method is esterification of hexanoic acid and allyl alcohol in catalysis of sulfuric acid; the obtained esters are then neutralized, washed and distilled to obtain the finished compound.
Allyl heptanoate (2-Propenyl Heptanoate) has a fruity-pineapple, banana odour with mango and honey notes. It is widely used in tropical fruit composition; for perfumery applications the recommended usage level is up to 2%.
It is manufactured by direct esterification of allyl alcohol with heptanoic acid.
The pineapple aroma
These two raw materials can be used in the formulation of the Pineapple aroma. By tasting and smelling the pineapple fruit, the notes of the pineapple flavour have been identified. Therefore, the natural taste of the fruit can be imitated by mixing natural or synthetic raw materials with the corresponding notes.
Even if flavour recipes are trade secrets, a typical pineapple flavour contains the following ingredients:
Flavour ingredient | Wt % | ECSA’S MP code |
10.83 | ||
10.69 | ||
ALLYL CYCLOHEXYL PROPIONATE | 4.72 | / |
1% ETHYL 3-METHYLTHIOPROPIONATE | 0.15 | / |
1% METHYL 3-METHYLTHIOPROPIONATE | 0.17 | / |
0.29 | ||
0.31 | ||
ISOAMYL BUTYRATE | 0.79 | / |
0.14 | ||
8.7 | ||
0.75 | ||
0.02 | ||
0.63 | ||
0.64 | ||
1.57 | ||
1.82 | ||
0.26 | ||
0.13 | ||
ETHYL HEPTANOATE | 0.67 | MP 000936 |
γ-VALEROLACTONE | 0.23 | / |
γ-HEXALACTONE | 0.21 | / |
γ-HEPTALACTONE | 0.01 | / |
0.01 | ||
1% METHIONAL | 0.01 | / |
PINEAPPLE BASE | 2.5 | / |
ETHANOL | 40.7 | Available only for Swiss customers |
13.05 | ||
TOTAL | 100 |
|
Source: Food Science and Technology, “A pineapple flavor imitation by the note method”, Guangyong ZHU1, Genfa YU, ISSN 1678-457X (Online), Oct-Dec 2020
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